Concept in Ecology and Ecosystem

The concept in Ecology and Ecosystem

Ecology Interdiction

·         The word” Ecology” comes from two Greek words “Ikos” which means “Home” and “Logus” which means “Study”. So that it is the study of organisms with respect to their house or dwelling place.

·         German scientist Ernest Haeckel was coined the term “Ecology” in 1866.

·         Ecology is the scientific study of Inter-relationship between organism and their environment.

·         It studies how the organism interacts with their environment and with other organisms.

Ecology Definition

·         According to Ernest Haeckel (1869), Ecology is defined as “The scientific study of the interaction between organism and their environment.

·         According to Wood Bury (1954), Ecology is a science which investigates organism in relation to their environment.

Importance of Ecology

·         It ensures people understand the impact of their actions on the life of the plant as well as on each other.

·         Helps in environment conservation and to enhance energy conservation.

·         Promote eco-friendliness.

·         Aids in disease and pest control.

Eco-System

·         An Eco-System is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment interacting as a system.

·         The term “Eco-System” was first coined by A.G. Transley (British Ecologist) in 1935.

·         Example: Ponds, Lakes, Grass Lands, Forest, Desert, etc.

Definition of Eco-System

·         E.P. Odum defined “Eco-System as the fundamental unit of ecology, which includes both organism and non-living or abiotic environment, each influencing the properties of others and both necessary for the maintenance of life as we have it on the earth”.

Components of Eco-System

The Ecosystem comprises two types of components.

1.       Abiotic components (Non-Living Environment)

·         Climatic Conditions and Temperature.

·         In-organic substances (Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus)

·         Organic substances (Protein, Carbohydrates)

2.       Biotic components (Living Organism)

·         Producer (Autotrophic organism largely green plants, trees, crops, grasses, etc.)

·         Consumer (Heterotrophic organism chiefly animals)

·         De-Composer (Heterotrophic organism but depend upon dead organic matter for their food like microorganism)

 Types of Eco-System

Eco-System is broadly divided into two types:

1.       Terrestrial Eco-System

2.       Aquatic Eco-System

Various types of Eco-System have developed due to the interaction of climate with parent rock material and the available flora and funna.

1.       Terrestrial Eco-System

A.      Forest Eco-System

B.      Grass Land Eco-System

                                             i.            Tropical

                                           ii.            Temperate

                                          iii.            Alpine

C.      Savanna Eco-System

                                            I.            High Savanna

                                          II.            Moist Sal Savanna

                                        III.            Dry Savanna

                                        IV.            Saline Savanna

                                          V.            Low alluvial savanna wood land

D.      Dessert Eco-System

E.       Tundra Eco-System

F.       Charpal Eco-System

G.     Mangrove Eco-System

2.       Aquatic Eco-System

·         It occupies about 70% of the total area of Earth.

·         About 97.2% of the total aquatic eco-system is covered by ocean and the rest 2.8% is covered by freshwater.

·         It is of three types:

                                             i.            Inland water (River, Stream, Lake, Pond)

                                           ii.            Ocean water (Ocean)

                                          iii.            Estuarine water (Saltwater lake)

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